Consenso Baiona sobre Incontinencia Fecal: Asociación Española de Coloproctología / Baiona's Consensus Statement for Fecal Incontinence. Spanish Association of Coloproctology

La incontinencia fecal (IF) constituye un importante problema sanitario, tanto a nivel individual como para los diferentes sistemas de salud, lo que origina una preocupación generalizada para su resolución o, al menos, disminuir en lo posible los numerosos efectos indeseables que provoca, al margen del elevado gasto que ocasiona. Existen diferentes criterios relacionados con las pruebas diagnósticas a realizar, y lo mismo acontece con relación al tratamiento más adecuado, dentro de las numerosas opciones que han proliferado durante los últimos años, no siempre basadas en una rigurosa evidencia científica. Por dicho motivo, desde la Asociación Española de Coloproctología (AECP) nos propusimos elaborar un Consenso que sirviese de orientación a todos los profesionales sanitarios interesados en el problema, conscientes, no obstante, de que la decisión terapéutica debe tomarse de manera individualizada: características del paciente/experiencia del terapeuta. Para su elaboración optamos por la técnica de grupo nominal. Los niveles de evidencia y los grados de recomendación se establecieron de acuerdo a los criterios del Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Por otra parte, en cada uno de los ítems analizados se añadieron, de forma breve, recomendaciones de los expertos.(AU)

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a major health problem, both for individuals and for health systems. It is obvious that, for all these reasons, there is widespread concern for healing it or, at least, reducing as far as possible its numerous undesirable effects, in addition to the high costs it entails. There are different criteria for the diagnostic tests to be carried out and the same applies to the most appropriate treatment, among the numerous options that have proliferated in recent years, not always based on rigorous scientific evidence. For this reason, the Spanish Association of Coloproctology (AECP) proposed to draw up a Consensus to serve as a guide for all health professionals interested in the problem, aware, however, that the therapeutic decision must be taken on an individual basis: patient characteristics/experience of the care team. For its development it was adopted the Nominal Group Technique methodology. The Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation were established according to the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. In addition, expert recommendations were added briefly to each of the items analysed.(AU)

Baiona's Consensus Statement for Fecal Incontinence. Spanish Association of Coloproctology.

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a major health problem, both for individuals and for health systems. It is obvious that, for all these reasons, there is widespread concern for healing it or, at least, reducing as far as possible its numerous undesirable effects, in addition to the high costs it entails. There are different criteria for the diagnostic tests to be carried out and the same applies to the most appropriate treatment, among the numerous options that have proliferated in recent years, not always based on rigorous scientific evidence. For this reason, the Spanish Association of Coloproctology (AECP) proposed to draw up a consensus to serve as a guide for all health professionals interested in the problem, aware, however, that the therapeutic decision must be taken on an individual basis: patient characteristics/experience of the care team. For its development it was adopted the Nominal Group Technique methodology. The Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation were established according to the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. In addition, expert recommendations were added briefly to each of the items analysed.

Multimodal Management of Fecal Incontinence Focused on Sphincteroplasty: Long-Term Outcomes from a Single Center Case Series.

The management of patients with fecal incontinence and an external anal sphincter (EAS) defect remains controversial. A retrospective series of overlapping anal sphincteroplasties performed between 1985−2013 from a single center, supplemented by selective puborectalis plication and internal anal sphincter repair is presented. Patients were clinically followed along with anorectal manometry, continence scoring (Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score­CCS) and patient satisfaction scales. Patients with a suboptimal outcome were managed with combinations of biofeedback therapy (BFT), peripheral tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) or repeat sphincteroplasty. There were 120 anterior sphincter repairs with 90 (75%) levatorplasties and 84 (70%) IAS repairs. Over a median follow-up of 120 months (IQR 60−173.7 months) there were significant improvements in the recorded CCIS values (90.8% with a preoperative CCIS > 15 vs. 2.5% postoperatively; p < 0.001). There were 42 patients who required ancillary treatment with four repeat sphincteroplasties, 35 patients undergoing biofeedback therapy, 10 patients treated with PTNS and three managed with SNS implants with an ultimate good functional outcome in 92.9% of cases. No difference was noted in ultimate functional outcome between those treated with sphincteroplasty alone compared with those who needed ancillary treatments (97.1% vs. 85.7%, respectively). Overall, 93.3% considered the outcome as either good or excellent. Long-term functional outcomes of an overlapping sphincteroplasty are good. If the initial outcome is suboptimal, response to ancillary treatments remains good and patients are not compromised by a first-up uncomplicated sphincter repair.

Traumatic deficient perineum: surgical management and outcome from a single center.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Deficient perineum is a disruption of the perineal body and distal rectovaginal septum presenting with anal incontinence and a range of urogenital symptoms. There is scarce reported outcome of this condition with management often delayed and with a variety of surgical alternatives. This study aims to determine faecal continence outcomes after long-term surgical repair. METHODS: Patients were included for analysis after surgical repair between 1989 and 2012. Cases were preoperatively assessed by endosonography and anorectal manometry with a record of their continence with the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS). Surgical repair comprised an overlapping repair of the external anal sphincter (EAS) with levatorplasty. There was selective use of internal anal sphincter (IAS) suture and/or advancement perineoplasty for soft tissue reconstruction. Patients were clinically evaluated for functional outcomes with comparison of their postoperative CCIS. RESULTS: There were 20 patients (median age 55.5 years; range 29-81 years) with a median duration of incontinence symptoms of 174 (range 1-540) months. All patients had an EAS and IAS defect with 14 (70%) undergoing an IAS suture and 10 (50%) a Corman-style anoplasty. Over a median follow-up of 137.2 (range 13-322) months, there was a significant decrease in the recorded median preoperative vs. postoperative CCIS 18, range 13-20 vs. 2, range 0-10, respectively; p < 0.001) with 18 (90%) satisfied with the functional outcome. Faecal diversion was not used in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Experienced delayed repair of a traumatic cloaca is associated with an acceptable functional outcome at medium- to long-term follow-up.

Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Rectal Cancer Patient With an Ileostomy: A Case Study.

BACKGROUND: Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is a rare complication mainly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Although it has also been found in patients with an ileostomy with rectal cancer, the best treatment options in this context have not been precisely elucidated. CASE: This case report describes the importance of a multidisciplinary treatment approach for a rare case of PPG around a protective ileostomy resulting from rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of PPG is imperative to avoid further extension of the lesion. Aggressive management with a multidrug treatment, both topical and systemic, is recommended in severe cases. Close monitoring of the response is necessary, given the variability in the effectiveness of the treatments.

Carcinoma escamoso sobre hidrosadenitis supurativa perineal / Squamous carcinoma over perineal hidradenitis suppurativa

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Prevalence of anal incontinence in a working population within a healthcare environment.

OBJECTIVES: Anal incontinence is a devastating affliction with several considerations that make it difficult to define in terms of epidemiology with good precision. The aim of the present work is to study the prevalence of an important disorder such as anal incontinence in a healthy working population within a sanitary environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cluster of easy understanding and filling inquiry forms are distributed to 910 apparently healthy individuals at our hospital. This questionnaires include filiation data, passed medical history, presence or not of Incontinence and other symptoms such as urgency. The Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score is also registered. RESULTS: Anal incontinence is present in a 21.2% of subjects when considered in any of it forms (flatus, liquid or solid faeces). A Clevleand Clinic Incontinence Score higher than 6 was obtained in a 7.3% of the sample and higher than 10 in 1.2%. No gender predominance has been identified. A slightly higher severity is recognised with increasing age. Obstetric and anal surgical background are the only related factors identified in the studied sample. CONCLUSIONS: Faecal incontinence is a high prevalent affliction, even among apparently healthy population. Considering the aetiologic factors that have been established, prevention during obstetric and anal surgical procedures is absolutely mandatory.

Contribution of intraoperative colonoscopy in a colorectal surgery unit.

OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative colonoscopy (IC) is routinely used in colorectal surgery procedures, both oncologic and benign ones. Despite its extensive use there is a lack of literature addressing this important issue. The aims of this paper are to determine the contributions of this tool, especially considering changes in attitude from preoperative designed intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective maintained database. Patients who underwent colorectal resection and IC during a four-year period (2009-2012). The indications for performing IC in our unit are: Incomplete preoperative colonoscopy, confirm the exact location of the tumor and polypectomy of any lesion distant from the planned resection segment. RESULTS: The success rate in performing IC is 100%, including 42% of them made trans-anastomotic. No postoperative complications that were attributable to the endoscopy were detected. Routine practice led to a change in attitude in 5% of the patients analyzed; 2% of the global sample corresponded to synchronous tumors finding. Of those patients in whom polypectomies where achieved during the procedure a 14.3% of potentially malignant lesions were resected. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative colonoscopy is a useful and safe tool that in view of these results should be taken into account at any colorectal surgery unit. Trans-anastomotic techniques do not raise morbidity.

Fístulas recto-vaginales: un reto terapéutico permanente / Rectovaginal fistulas: a permanent therapeutic challenge

Las fístulas recto-vaginales consisten en una comunicación anormal entre recto y vagina; si la comunicación es más baja se denominan ano-vaginales. La etiología más frecuente es el trauma obstétrico, infecciones locales y cirugía ano-rectal. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura hasta Junio de 2016, analizando el concepto y clasificación de las fístulas recto-vaginales en función de localización, tamaño y etiología. Se estudian los procedimientos diagnósticos y opciones terapéuticas, prestando especial atención a las múltiples técnicas quirúrgicas, vías de abordaje y recomendaciones en función de la etiología de la fístula. Un enfoque individualizado de cada caso proporcionará elevados porcentajes de curación (AU)

Rectovaginal fistulae are defined by the presence of an abnormal epithelialized communication between the rectum and the vagina; when they are lower enough and affect the anorectal region are best referred as anovaginal fistulae. The most common causes are obstetric trauma, local infection and ano-rectal surgery. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken until june 2016 analyzing the concept itself and several classifications considering location, size and etiology. Different diagnostic procedures and therapeutic options, specially focused on the great amount of surgical techniques, ways to approach and advices depending on any kind of fistula. A strict, catious, individualized study of each single case will reach high healing rates (AU)

Cáncer de ciego obstructivo en paciente centenaria: tratamiento quirúrgico / Obstructive cecal cancer in a centennial patient: surgical management

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Fístulas recto-uretrales adquiridas: etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y opciones terapéuticas / Acquired recto-uretral fistulas: Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic options

Las fístulas recto-uretrales constituyen una rara entidad, pero representan un problema trascendental para el sujeto que la padece y un reto para el urólogo y/o coloproctólogo que debe resolverlo. Se realiza en este trabajo una amplia revisión sobre los factores etiopatogénicos, procedimientos diagnósticos y actitud terapéutica, analizando las diferentes opciones quirúrgicas descritas en la literatura, mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, MEDLINE y EMBASE hasta septiembre de 2014

Rectouretral fistulas are a rare disease, but represent an important problem for the patient that suffers them and a challenge for the urologist and colorectal surgeon who has to manage them.A wide review has been performed focusing on etiopathogenic factors, diagnostic and therapeutic options including the analysis of different surgical techniques. PubMed, MEDLINE y EMBASE medical database were searched up to September 2014

Acquired recto-uretral fistulas: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic options.

Rectouretral fistulas are a rare disease, but represent an important problem for the patient that suffers them and a challenge for the urologist and colorectal surgeon who has to manage them. A wide review has been performed focusing on etiopathogenic factors, diagnostic and therapeutic options including the analysis of different surgical techniques. PubMed, MEDLINE y EMBASE medical database were searched up to September 2014.

Pioderma gangrenoso peri-ileostomía / Peri-ileostomy pyoderma gangrenosum. Case report

El pioderma gangrenoso es una de las complicaciones más graves que se pueden presentar tras la realización de un estoma. A pesar de los pocos casos descritos en la literatura, se considera que está infradiagnosticado. Se presenta un caso de pioderma gangrenoso peri-ileostomía en una paciente sometida a pancoloproctectomía e ileostomía definitiva por colitis ulcerosa. El tratamiento se basó en curas locales, adecuación de los dispositivos colectores, aplicación tópica de tacrolimus y administración sistémica de corticoides, adalimumab y antibióticos. La curación se produjo en ocho semanas de manera satisfactoria (AU)

Pyoderma gangrenosum is one of the most severe complications that can occur following stoma placement. Despite few cases reported in the literature, it is considered an underdiagnosed entity. We present a case of peri-ileostomy pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) in a patient who underwent a pancoloproctectomy and permanent ileostomy due to ulcerative colitis (UC). Treatment was based on local cures, proper fitting of ostomy devices, topical tacrolimus and systemic corticosteroids, adalimumab and antibiotics. Satisfactory resolution was achieved in eight weeks (AU)